Weekend Read: As the Pound crashes to record low, what can be done to halt Sterling’s freefall?
City PM reported yesterday that the pound is on course to plunge to a record low against the US dollar, largely driven by the UK tumbling into a tough recession.
Sterling is expected to drop to $1.05 by the middle of next year, but could fall close to parity with the greenback, according to consultancy Capital Economics.
In fact, since the beginning of 2022, Sterling has fallen 11.8 per cent against the dollar, making it one of the worst performing currencies – in terms of spot return – in the G10.
Only the Norwegian Krone (-13.4 per cent) the Swedish Krona (-13.9 per cent) and the Japanese Yen (-15.7 per cent) have fared worse.
With GBPUSD testing below $1.18 this week and seemingly only heading in one direction, we once again find ourselves asking; how much further will Sterling fall and what will be the catalyst to turn it around?
Marc Cogliatti, principal global capital markets at London-based Validus Risk Management, recently cited the pound’s undervaluation as a key factor that may prevent it falling much further.
Over the past 15 years, GBPUSD has not exceeded a +/-20 per cent deviation from ‘fair value’, Cogliatti told City PM today.
“That still rings true today, with pound currently 19.3 per cent undervalued,” he pointed out.
“However, those of us able to remember the heady days of two dollars to the pound, will note that Sterling was considerably overvalued for a couple of years before it fell back sharply in 2008 at the height of the Global Financial Crisis.”
Cogliatti stressed that “with this in mind, it’s not beyond the realms of possibility that Sterling could fall further and remain significantly undervalued for a prolonged period.”
With regard to the outlook, the narrative appears very gloomy.
“Conventional wisdom suggests that an increased probability of higher rates should result in a stronger currency, so the fact that the opposite rang true is a worrying signal for the pound.”
Marc Cogliatti,
Particularly telling was Sterling’s reaction to last week’s higher-than-expected inflation reading for July as headline CPI rose 10.1 per cent y/y vs the consensus forecast of +9.8 per cent and Friday’s stronger than expected retail sales. An increase of 0.3 per cent vs expectations of -0.2 per cent.
“As the market quickly shifted to price in the prospect of additional tightening from the MPC, Sterling fell,” Cogliatti pointed out.
“A breakdown in UK rates and currency performance is more akin to what we might expect to see in emerging markets,” he added.
The problem is that even with nominal rates set to go higher, significantly higher inflation means that real rates are still heading lower.
Extreme forecasts
An article published by Citi Bank was picked up by mainstream media in the UK, suggesting inflation could rise above 18 per cent amid the energy crisis, with gas prices in particular.
“Clearly this is an extreme forecast and is well above both the consensus of 11.9 per cent and the Bank of England’s own forecasts of 13 per cent, but at the very least, it’s a scenario worth considering from a risk management perspective,” Cogliatti noted.
“It may not be beyond the realms of possibility if a new Prime Minister takes charge and stokes the fire with fresh fiscal stimulus,” he added.
Zooming in on the latest FX forecasts complied by Bloomberg, amongst the banks who updated their forecasts last week, the consensus for the end of both Q3 and Q4 was still $1.19.
“Those of us able to remember the heady days of two dollars to the pound, will note that Sterling was considerably overvalued for a couple of years.”
Marc Cogliatti
Cogliatti stressed that “a notable outlier was JP Morgan,” which sees Sterling falling to $1.14 at the end of Q3 before staging a very slow recovery in 2023.
“My overall bias is still against the dollar, based on valuation, but my conviction is beginning to wane given recent price action,” he said.
What is also interesting, is that this move is not isolated to Sterling.
“All G10 currencies are down against the dollar since the beginning of the year and the euro has put in a very similar performance to the pound,” Cogliatti said.
“So much so, EURGBP has traded largely between 0.83 and 0.86 since the beginning of the year, currently mid-range at 0.8450.”
Reversing Sterling’s decline
First and foremost, Sterling has always fared better in a ‘risk on’ environment, Cogliatti stressed.
“Although equity markets have been surprisingly robust in recent months, underlying concerns about the health of the global economy, the war in Ukraine and central banks’ ability to control inflation persist.”
However unlikely it seems, a more positive risk sentiment would certainly help Sterling’s cause, he continued.
A second influence which may aid all currencies comes from the dollar side of the equation.
A drop in real US rates – either because of the Fed cutting rates or higher inflation – would certainly make the dollar look less attractive, “or at least on more of a level playing field with its peers,” Cogliatti said.
Finally, his point about valuation still stands.
“At current levels, Sterling assets look very cheap for foreign investors, at least those with dollars. Granted such assets could quite feasibly become cheaper still, but as Baron Rothschild once said, ‘the time to buy is when there’s blood in the streets’,” Cogliatti concluded.